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Saint Philomena was a young virgin martyr whose remains were discovered in 1802 in the Catacombs of Priscilla. Three tiles enclosing the tomb bore an inscription that was taken to indicate that her name (in the Latin of the inscription) was Filumena, the English form of which is Philomena. Philomena is the patron saint of infants, babies, and youth. The remains were removed to Mugnano del Cardinale in 1805 and became the focus of widespread devotion, with several miracles credited to the saint's intercession, including the healing of Venerable Pauline Jaricot in 1835, which received wide publicity. Saint John Vianney attributed to her intercession the extraordinary cures that others attributed to himself. In 1833 a Neapolitan nun reported that in a vision Saint Philomena had revealed that she was a Greek princess martyred at 13 years of age by Diocletian, who was Roman Emperor from 284 to 305. From 1837 to 1961 celebration of her liturgical feast was approved for some places, but was never included in the General Roman Calendar for universal use. The 1920 typical edition of the Roman Missal included a mention of her, under 11 August, in the section headed ''Missae pro aliquibus locis'' (Masses for some places), with an indication that the Mass to be used in those places was one from the common of a Virgin Martyr, without any collect proper to the saint.〔(1920 typical edition of the Roman Missal, with feasts updated to the late 1920s ), p. (): "11 August. St Philomena. Virgin and Martyr. Mass: ''Loquebar'' from the Common of Virgins, 1."〕 On 14 February 1961, the Holy See ordered that the name of Saint Philomena be removed from all liturgical calendars that mentioned her.〔Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 1961, p. 174. The text can be consulted (on the website ) of the Holy See. It is also available at (Instruction ''De calendariis particularibus'' (1961) ) together with a French translation and a note that recounts the history of the devotion and that says a different saint named Philomena (5 July) and two called Philomenus (14 November and 29 November) were listed in the Roman Martyrology, in which this Philomena never appeared.〕 Accordingly, the 1962 Roman Missal, the edition whose continued use as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is authorized by the motu proprio ''Summorum Pontificum'', also has no mention of her.〔(1962 typical edition of the Roman Missal ) (searchable)〕 The shrine of her relics in Mugnano del Cardinale continues to be visited by pilgrimages from many countries, an Archconfraternity in her honour exists, as does popular devotion in various places around the world. ==Discovery of the remains== On 24 May 1802 in the Catacombs of Priscilla on the Via Salaria Nova an inscribed loculus (space hollowed out of the rock) was found, and on the following day it was carefully examined and opened. The loculus was closed with three terra cotta tiles, on which was the following inscription: ''lumena paxte cumfi''. It was and is generally accepted that the tiles were in a wrong order and that the inscription originally read, with the leftmost tile placed on the right: ''pax tecum Filumena'' (i.e."Peace with you, Philomena"). Within the loculus was found the skeleton of a female between thirteen and fifteen years old. Embedded in the cement was a small glass phial with vestiges of what was taken to be blood. In accordance with the assumptions of the time, the remains were taken to be those of a virgin martyr named Philomena.〔''Butler's Lives of the Saints'', edition quoted in (University of Leicester, ''Saints at a Glance'' by Dr G.R.Jones )〕 Her name means Daughter of Light. She was canonized in 1837. Philomena is the patron saint of infants, babies, and youth. The belief that such vials were signs of the grave of a martyr was still held in 1863, when a 10 December decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites confirmed a decree of 10 April 1668. But this view has been rejected in practice since the investigations of Giovanni Battista De Rossi (1822–1894).〔(Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Philomena." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 29 Apr. 2013 )〕 In 1805, Canon Francesco De Lucia of Mugnano del Cardinale requested relics for his oratory, and on 8 June obtained the remains discovered in May 1802 (reduced to dust and fragments).〔"corpus … in pulverem et in fragmina redactum", as described in the document with which the remains where handed over (quoted in (Present Ecclesial Status of Devotion to St. Philomena ))〕 The relics arrived in Mugnano on 10 August and placed in the Church of Our Lady of Grace.〔(Enciclopedia dei Santi: Santa Filomena di Roma )〕 A new Church of Our Lady of Grace was built, containing a chapel where the sacred relics were translated on September 29, 1805.〔("Discovery and Translation to the Shrine", Sanctuary of Saint Philomena )〕 In 1827, Pope Leo XII gave to the church in Mugnano del Cardinale the three inscribed terra cotta slabs that had been taken from the tomb.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philomena」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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